Aceret, Leo R., Arellano, Luz Vella G., Oliveros, Jasper Vergil <br/><br/>
Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anthelmintic Activity of Karmay (Phyllanthus Acidus) Leaf Extract   / 
Leo R. Aceret., Luz Vella G. Arellano., Jasper Vergil M. Oliveros 
 -  2014 
 - x, 83 leaves  28 cm.  
<br/><br/> Thesis (Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy) -- Mariano Marcos State University - College of Health Sciences, Batac City  
<br/><br/>Bibliography:  leaves 60-64 
<br/><br/> ABSTRACT  ACERET LR, ARELLANO LVG, OLIVEROS JVM.     Undergraduate Thesis. Mariano Marcos State University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 2906 City of Batac, March 2014.  Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anthelmintic Activity of Karmay (Phyllanthus Acidus) Leaf Extract  <br/>Adviser: Mr. Rhian Jaymar <br/>The ethanolic extract of Karmay (Phyllanthus Acidus) Leaf Extract was tested against Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa for antibacterial property; Candida albicans and Trychophyton mentagrophytes for antifungal property; and Eudrilus euginiae for anthelmintic property. <br/>The Karmay leaves were macerated using  ethanol and filtered after 3 days. Rotatory evaporator was used to bring the extract into syrupy consistency. Three dillutions were prepared (25%, 50% and 100%) for antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic assay. Tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and anthraquiones were present in the Karmay leaf extract. Agar well method was employed for antibacterial and antifungal assay. The measure of the zone of inhibition were recorded and compared to the standard ciprofloxacin and one-way ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Tange Test (DMRT) were used to determine significant differences. Based on th results, Karmay Leaf Extract was effective against the gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Eschericihia coli. For the antifungal assay, ketoconazole was used as the standard drug. Based on results, Karmay leaf extract was effective against Trychophyton mentagrophytes but ineffective against Candida albicans. The anthelmintic assay was conducted using Eudrilus euginiae. Albendazole was used as the standard drug. The tine of paralysis and time of death were recorded and compared with Albendazole. Based on results, karmay leaf extract was effective as an anthelmintic agent. <br/>