Doctor, Freshnel Y. <br/><br/>
An In-depth assessment of e-gasoline (E10) from gasoline stations located in Laoag City, Ilocos Norte 
Freshnel Y. Doctor  
 - City of Batac :  MMSU,   2024. 
 - xii, 90 leaves :  28 cm  
<br/><br/> UTHESIS (Bachelor of Science in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering) 
<br/><br/>Bibliography:  leaves 57-60 
<br/><br/> This study aims to address significant gaps in understanding the storage,  handling management, and compliance with standards of E10 gasoline-ethanol blends,  which is essential for its effective and sustainable implementation as an alternative fuel.  Conducted within the fuel stations of Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, and assessed at the  National Bioenergy Research and Innovation Center in Mariano Marcos State  University, Batac Campus, this research employs a descriptive analysis to summarize  results, qualitative methods to identify factors affecting E10 quality, and quasi experimental methods to establish cause-effect relationships between storage/handling  practices and E10 quality. Out of 41 gas stations, only 10 were selected to undergo  assessment using a cluster sampling method. The assessment utilized the PNS/DOE  QS 008:2018 standards, referencing ASTM methods for testing physical and chemical  properties to ensure compliance. The findings from the assessment of the physical and  chemical properties of E10 blends revealed that all gas stations did not meet all the  required standards. An example was the water content of E10 blends, which exhibited  excessive water levels. A single non-compliant property indicated overall non compliance since even one property could cause a significant impact on the quality and  reliability of fuel in terms of engine longevity and performance. For the interview,  findings revealed variations in these practices, including differences in refill  frequencies and testing approaches. Some stations employed in-house chemists or  relied on accredited agencies for testing, while storage tank materials and maintenance  practices also varied. Measures to prevent contamination, such as using water finder  paste and conducting regular maintenance checks, were observed. The concept of  “generic” fuels was introduced, indicating the need for further validation to determine  its presence.