TY  - BOOK
AU  - Yagyagan, Sunshine M.
TI  - Estimating groundwater recharge using aquimod 2 model
PY  - 2024///
CY  - City of Batac : 
PB  - MMSU
N1  - UTHESIS (Bachelor of Science in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering); Bibliography: leaves 50-51
N2  - Groundwater is crucial for sustaining ecosystems, agriculture, and drinking  water supplies, necessitating accurate recharge rate estimates for effective resource  management. This study utilized the AquiMod 2 model to estimate groundwater  recharge in Magnuang, Batac City, Ilocos Norte, based on a four-year time series of  monthly groundwater level measurements from January 1995 to December 1998. The  model calibration achieved a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.71, indicating a  good fit between simulated and observed levels.  Recharge simulations for 1995-1998 was 81.78 mm, 155.53 mm, 53.45 mm,  and 71.58 mm, representing 5.52%, 5.50%, 4.57%, and 4.86% of annual rainfall,  respectively. During El Niño years, recharge was significantly lower, with values of  2.76 mm (2014-2015), 6.56 mm (2021-2022), and 4.26 mm (2023), corresponding to  0.76%, 1.80% and 1.17% of annual rainfall. Conversely, La Niña years exhibited  higher recharge rates: 153 mm, 211 mm, 188 mm, 181 mm, and 185 mm, accounting  for 5.42%, 6.96%, 6.00%, 7.01%, and 6.99% of annual rainfall. Normal years had  recharge rates of 104.88 mm, 139.77 mm, 130.12 mm, 150.96 mm, and 88.24 mm,  representing 5.38%, 6.93%, 6.57%, 6.76%, and 4.75% of annual rainfall.   Statistical analysis confirmed significant variability in recharge rates under El  Niño, Normal, and La Niña conditions, with mean recharge values of 4.24 mm, 122.80  mm, and 185.32 mm, respectively. El Niño conditions resulted in significantly lower  recharge, while La Niña conditions showed higher recharge with greater variability. T test results indicated statistically significant differences in recharge across these  climatic conditions.   x  Based on these findings, a comprehensive approach is recommended for long term groundwater sustainability. This includes stricter regulation and monitoring of  groundwater extraction, the implementation of artificial recharge projects such as  rainwater harvesting and managed aquifer recharge, and promoting water conservation  through public education and advanced agricultural practices. Additionally, improved  land-use planning that integrates water resource management can further support  sustainable groundwater management in the region.
ER  -