Cabulisan, Asteryssaphire M.  <br/><br/>
Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite from cow bone /  
Asteryssaphire M. Cabulisan  
 - City of Batac :  MMSU,   2024. 
 - xv, 45 leaves :  29 cm.  
<br/><br/> UTHESIS (Bachelor of Science in Ceramic Engineering) 
<br/><br/>Bibliography : leaves 29-30 
<br/><br/> There is a growing demand for hydroxyapatite (HAp) especially in medical <br/>applications. However, green production of HAp is a challenge. In this research a <br/>natural (HAp) was extracted from raw cow bone by heat treatment using calcination <br/>method at in the range of 500℃ to 900℃. Pretreatment of the raw cow bone was <br/>effectively achieved by boiling through pressure cooker for a total of 5 h, and acetone <br/>cleaning through ultrasonic cleaner. After calcination at different temperature, the <br/>obtained HAp was characterized by x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and <br/>scanning electron microscope (SEM). Removal of organic portion from heat treatments <br/>was confirmed by XRF analysis and revealed the main component of hydroxyapatite <br/>the Ca and P. XRD results showed that crystallinity of HAp phase after calcination <br/>above 600 ℃ and the crystal size has been found to increase with increasing <br/>temperature of calcinations. In addition, SEM results confirmed the rod structure <br/>characteristic of natural HAp, prominently observed at 800℃ and 900℃. The natural <br/>HAp obtained by calcining at 900 °C revealed highly desirable properties in term of <br/>morphology, composition of element and crystallinity. However, Ca and P content <br/>which corresponded to the Ca/P molar ratio is nonstoichiometric hydroxyapatite but <br/>still acceptable for biomedical application. Moreover, production of HAp is still <br/>possible even without the incorporation of ultrasonication.